Rujukan Demokrasi media

  1. ↑ hagulaExoo, Calvin F. (2010). The Pen and the Sword: Press, War, and Terror in the 21st Century. California: Sage Publications. m/s. 1–4. ISBN 978-1-4129-5360-3.
  2. 1 2 Exoo, Calvin F. (2010). The Pen and the Sword: Press, War, and Terror in the 21st Century. California: Sage Publications. m/s. 4. ISBN 978-1-4129-5360-3.
  3. ↑ Exoo, Calvin F. (2010). The Pen and the Sword: Press, War, and Terror in the 21st Century. California: Sage Publications. m/s. 1–4. ISBN 978-1-4129-5360-3.
  4. ↑ Hazen, Don and Julie Winokur, penyunting (1997). We the Media - A Citizen's Guide to Fighting for Media Democracy. New York: The New Press. ISBN 1-56584-380-0.
  5. ↑ Freedman, Des; Obar, Jonathan; Martens, Cheryl; McChesney, Robert W. (2016). Strategies for Media Reform: International Perspectives (dalam bahasa English). Fordham University Press. m/s. 169. ISBN 9780823271689.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  6. ↑ Foxwell-Norton, Kerrie (2019-06-17). Environmental Communication and Critical Coastal Policy: Communities, Culture and Nature. London: Routledge. m/s. 67. doi:10.4324/9781315757056. ISBN 978-1-315-75705-6.
  7. ↑ Chomsky, Noam (2002). Manufacturing Consent: The Political Economy of the Mass Media. Pantheon. ISBN 978-0375714498.
  8. ↑ Wheeler, Mark; Iosifidis, Petros. "The Public Sphere and Network Democracy: Social movements and Political Change?". Global Media Journal. 13 (25). Dicapai pada 21 February 2019.
  9. ↑ Fog, Agner. "The supposed and the real role of mass media in modern democracy" (PDF). Agner.org. Dicapai pada 4 April 2012.
  10. ↑ "Fact Sheets On Media Democracy". Fepproject.org. Dicapai pada 4 April 2012.
  11. ↑ Exoo, Calvin F. (2010). The Pen and the Sword: Press, War, and Terror in the 21st Century. California: Sage Publications. m/s. 1–2. ISBN 978-1-4129-5360-3.
  12. ↑ Meyer, Thomas; Hinchman, Lew (2002). Media Democracy: How the Media Colonize Politics. Cambridge: Polity Press. m/s. x. ISBN 0-7456-2844-3.
  13. ↑ Williams, Frederick and John V. Pavlik, penyunting (1994). The People's Right to Know: Media, Democracy, and the Information Highway. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. m/s. 153. ISBN 0-8058-1491-4.
  14. ↑ Exoo, Calvin F. (2010). The Pen and the Sword: Press, War, and Terror in the 21st Century. California: Sage Publications. m/s. 195–196. ISBN 978-1-4129-5360-3.
  15. ↑ Meyer, Thomas; Hinchman, Lew (2002). Media Democracy: How the Media Colonize Politics. Cambridge: Polity Press. m/s. 1. ISBN 0-7456-2844-3.
  16. ↑ "Ownership Chart: The Big Six". Free Press. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 7 February 2012. Dicapai pada 4 April 2012.
  17. ↑ Foxwell-Norton, Kerrie (2019-06-17). Environmental Communication and Critical Coastal Policy: Communities, Culture and Nature. London: Routledge. m/s. 71. doi:10.4324/9781315757056. ISBN 978-1-315-75705-6.
  18. ↑ Foxwell-Norton, Kerrie (2019-06-17). Environmental Communication and Critical Coastal Policy: Communities, Culture and Nature (dalam bahasa English). London: Routledge. m/s. 70. doi:10.4324/9781315757056. ISBN 978-1-315-75705-6.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  19. ↑ Foxwell-Norton, Kerrie (2019-06-17). Environmental Communication and Critical Coastal Policy: Communities, Culture and Nature. London: Routledge. m/s. 81. doi:10.4324/9781315757056. ISBN 978-1-315-75705-6.
  20. ↑ Kidd, Jenny. "Are New Media Democratic?". Cultural Policy Journal. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-11-02.
  21. 1 2 3 Lazar, Marina-Irina (2015). "Reinforcing Democracy through Internet and Social Networks Participation: Votes, Voters and Elected Behavioral Outcomes in Romanian Presidential Elections". Revista de Stiinte Politice: 63–72. ProQuest 1697772455 – melalui ProQuest.
  22. ↑ Kirkpatrick, David D. (January 14, 2011). "Tunisia Leader Flees and Prime Minister Claims Power". The New York Times.
  23. ↑ Shane, Scott (January 29, 2011). "Spotlight Again Falls on Web Tools and Change". The New York Times.
  24. ↑ Fahim, Kareem; Mona El-Naggar (January 25, 2011). "Violent Clashes Mark Protests Against Mubarak's Rule". The New York Times.
  25. ↑ Schillinger, Raymond (September 20, 2011). "Social Media and the Arab Spring: What Have We Learned?". The Huffington Post.
  26. ↑ AlSayyad, Nezar; Guvenc, Muna (2013-10-10). "Virtual Uprisings: On the Interaction of New Social Media, Traditional Media Coverage and Urban Space during the 'Arab Spring'". Urban Studies. 52 (11): 2018–2034. doi:10.1177/0042098013505881. ISSN 0042-0980.
  27. ↑ "How can we build a democratic media?". Opendemocracy.net. 5 October 2015. Dicapai pada 21 February 2019.
  28. ↑ Mack, Ott, Robert L., Brian L. (2014). Critical Media Studies: An Introduction Second Edition. West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell. m/s. 50. ISBN 978-1-118-55397-8.
  29. ↑ Charles, A. (2013). Media/Democracy : A Comparative Study. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
  30. ↑ Cammaerts, B., & Carpentier, N. (2007). Reclaiming the Media : Communication Rights and Democratic Media Roles. Bristol, UK: Intellect
  31. ↑ [pautan mati]
  32. ↑ Shepperd, Josh (1 September 2016). "Victor Pickard, America's Battle for Media Democracy: The Triumph of Corporate Libertarianism and the Future of Media Reform". International Journal of Communication (Online): 4723–4727. Dicapai pada 21 February 2019 – melalui Gale.
  33. ↑ Utne, Leif; Moeller, Paul (2006-05-10). "Painting America Purple". The Serials Librarian. 50 (1–2): 37–38. doi:10.1300/J123v50n01_06. ISSN 0361-526X.
  34. 1 2 G., Christians, Clifford (2009). Normative theories of the media : journalism in democratic societies. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-03423-7. OCLC 275151681.
  35. ↑ Lewis, Justin (2007). Images of citizenship on tv news: constructing a passive public. Journalism stuides.
  36. ↑ MacChesney, Robert W. (1999). Rich media, poor democracy: Communication politics in dubious times. University of Illinois Press.
  37. ↑ Gaber, Ivor (2007). "Too much of a good thing: the 'problem' of political communications in a mass media democracy". Journal of Public Affairs. 7 (3): 219–234. doi:10.1002/pa.266. ISSN 1472-3891.
  38. ↑ Kent, Michael L. (2013-11-01). "Using social media dialogically: Public relations role in reviving democracy". Public Relations Review. Public Relations and Democracy (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 39 (4): 337–345. doi:10.1016/j.pubrev.2013.07.024. ISSN 0363-8111.
  39. 1 2 Thornham, Sue (2007). Women, Feminism and Media. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. m/s. 97. ISBN 978-0-7486-2071-5.
  40. 1 2 3 4 Thornham, Sue (2007). Women, Feminism and Media. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. m/s. 90–92. ISBN 978-0-7486-2071-5.
  41. ↑ Thornham, Sue (2007). Women, Feminism and Media. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. m/s. 95. ISBN 978-0-7486-2071-5.
  42. ↑ Thornham, Sue (2007). Women, Feminism and Media. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. m/s. 109. ISBN 978-0-7486-2071-5.
  43. ↑ Thornham, Sue (2007). Women, Feminism and Media. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. m/s. 43. ISBN 978-0-7486-2071-5.
  44. 1 2 Skinner, David; Hackett, Robert; Poyntz, Stuart (2015-12-10). "Media Activism and the Academy, Three Cases: Media Democracy Day, Open Media, and NewsWatch Canada". Studies in Social Justice. 9 (1): 87. doi:10.26522/ssj.v9i1.1155. ISSN 1911-4788.
  45. ↑ Jurriëns, Edwin (2017-03-14). Visual Media in Indonesia: Video Vanguard. London: Routledge. m/s. 63. doi:10.4324/9781315302553. ISBN 978-1-315-30255-3.
  46. ↑ King, J (2017).Democracy is under threat from the malicious use of technology. The EU is fighting back. The Guardian
  47. ↑ Omidyar, P. (2018) Is Social Media a Threat to Democracy?(PDF)
  48. ↑ Crain, Matthew; Nadler, Anthony (2019). "Political Manipulation and Internet Advertising Infrastructure". Journal of Information Policy. 9: 370–410. doi:10.5325/jinfopoli.9.2019.0370. ISSN 2381-5892. JSTOR 10.5325/jinfopoli.9.2019.0370.
  49. ↑ Omidyar, P. (2018)Is Social Media a Threat to Democracy? (PDF)The Omidyar Group. pp. 11-12
  50. ↑ Omidyar, P. (2018)Is Social Media a Threat to Democracy? (PDF)The Omidyar Group. pp. 6
  51. ↑ Omidyar, P. (2018)Is Social Media a Threat to Democracy? (PDF)The Omidyar Group. pp. 7-8
  52. ↑ Omidyar, P. (2018)Is Social Media a Threat to Democracy? (PDF)The Omidyar Group. pp. 9
  53. ↑ Omidyar, P. (2018)Is Social Media a Threat to Democracy? (PDF)The Omidyar Group. pp. 10-11
  54. ↑ Omidyar, P. (2018)Is Social Media a Threat to Democracy? (PDF)The Omidyar Group. pp. 13

Rujukan

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